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Most electrical installations in homes and offices are based on a 220V single-phase AC power system. To use electricity safely and efficiently, it is essential to understand the structure and roles of the hot wire, neutral wire, and ground wire. This post provides a detailed explanation of the basic configuration of 220V single-phase power and the functions of each wire.     Basic Structure of 220V Single-Phase Power The 220V single-phase power system consists of a hot wire (Live), a neutral wire, and a protective ground wire (PE). To allow current to flow, there must be a potential difference, and in this system, 220V AC is generated between the hot and neutral wires. The hot wire supplies electrical energy and is typically marked with brown or black color. The neutral wire serves as the return path for current and maintains 0V by connecting to the ground at the main distribution panel. The ground wire provides safety by preventing electric shock and fire ...